Strategi Penetrasi Pasar Industri Electric Vehicle (EV) Tiongkok di Indonesia Tahun 2020 – 2025
Kata Kunci:
industry otomotif, electric vehicle, diamond model, penetrasi pasar, investasiAbstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui strategi penetrasi pasar industri electric vehicle (EV) Tiongkok di Indonesia. Transformasi industri otomotif dari kendaraan berbasis mesin pembakaran internal (internal combustion engine/ICE) ke kendaraan listrik (electric vehicle/EV) memunculkan persaingan ekonomi dan politik internasional. Penelitian menggunakan paradigma Neo-Merkantilisme dan Diamond Model oleh Michael Porter sebagai kerangka analisis. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif-analitis. Jenis data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder dan teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui studi dokumentasi terhadap jurnal ilmiah, buku, dokumen resmi, laporan organisasi internasional, publikasi industri, serta data resmi yang dianalisis menggunakan teknik analisis dari Miles, Huberman, dan Saldaña melalui tiga tahapan, yaitu reduksi data, display data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keberhasilan penetrasi pasar kendaraan listrik Tiongkok didukung oleh keunggulan kompetitif industri domestik, integrasi rantai pasok, dukungan kebijakan negara, serta strategi ekspansi bertahap melalui impor Completely Built Up (CBU), investasi Completely Knocked Down (CKD), diferensiasi produk, harga yang kompetitif, dan penguatan ekosistem pendukung. Temuan penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan hilirisasi nikel Indonesia dan insentif kendaraan listrik memperkuat masuknya investasi Tiongkok sekaligus mendorong pergeseran struktur persaingan industri otomotif nasional. Dengan demikian, dominasi produsen kendaraan listrik Tiongkok merupakan hasil interaksi antara strategi korporasi dan kepentingan geoekonomi negara dalam membangun keunggulan kompetitif di pasar Indonesia.
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