Peningkatan Angka Perdagangan Anak di Tengah Upaya Pemerintah Inggris dalam Mengatasi Kasus Perdagangan Anak Tahun 2014 – 2016
Keywords:
child trafficking, UK Government's policies, policy implementationAbstract
This research discusses about the problem of child trafficking in the United Kingdom. As one of the develop country in Europe, the United Kingdom has a quite high number of child trafficking compared to another country in Europe. This research questioning the reason of why the number of child trafficking increased in the middle of the efforts of the United Kingdom’s government in 2014 – 2016. This research uses qualitative methods with the framework of policy implementation to analyze and answer the questio n of the research. The result of this research showed that the United Kingdom’s government in implementing it’s policies in it’s efforts to combat child trafficking has not been able to give a significant impact due to factors that inhibit the implementati on of it’s policies, such as the content of it’s policies, the performance from the law enforcers and expert staff, the polices, and as well as the other support agencies who working with the government.
References
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Ibtimes.co.uk. (2015, 27 July). “UK human trafficking cases on the rise despite government’s Modern Slavery Actâ€. http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/uk-human- trafficking-cases-rise- despite-governments-modern-slavery-act-1512840 diakses 15 Oktober 2017.
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The Guardian. (2016, 10 Juli). “Modern slavery and human trafficking on the rise in UK.†https://www.theguardian.com/law/2016/jul/10/modern-slavery-on-rise-in-uk diakses 25 Desember 2017.
The Guardian. (2016, 21 Desember). “UK immigration bill will play into hands of traffickers, anti-slavery experts warn.†https://www.theguardian.com/ globaldevelopment
/2015/dec/21/uk- immigration-bill-trafficking-anti- slavery- experts-modern- slavery-act-2015 diakses 24 Desember 2017.
Daffron, Joshua W. (2011). Combating Human Trafficking: Evolution of State Legislation and the Policies of the United Kingdom and France. California: Masters Dissertation, Naval Postgraduate School Thesis. http://www.justiceacademy.org/iShare/LibraryNPS/11Dec%255FDaffron. pdf diunduh 15 Oktober 2017.
Jonathan Todres. (2010). “Taking Prevention Seriously: Developing a Comprehensive Response to Child Trafficking and Sexual Exploitation†Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law (43): 1. https://www.vanderbilt.edu/wp- content/uploads/sites/78/Todres_camera_ ready_final-_2_.pdf diakses 25 Desember 2017.
Noris, Lorinda. (2008). “Child Trafficking in the UK: An Examination of Contemporary Approachesâ€. Internet Journal of Criminology. https://www.scribd.com.document/200843570/Norris-Child- Trafficking-in-the-UK diakses 26 Oktober 2017.
APPG. 2016. Inquiry into the safeguarding of ‘absent’ children: ‘It is good when someone cares. http://cdn.basw.co.uk/upload/basw_44641-3.pdf diakses 20 Desember 2017.
Council of Europe. 2008. The European Convention on Human Right. http://www.globaldetentionproject.org/fileadmin/docs/European-Convention-on- Human- Rights.pdf diakses 15 Oktober 2017.
Department for Education. 2015. The Children Act 1989 guidance and regulations Volume 2: Care planning, placement and case review. https://www.gov.uk/government
/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/441643/Children_Act_Guidance_2 015.pdf diakses 26 November 2017.
ECPAT UK. 2015. Working against child trafficking.http://new.ecpat.org.uk/ content
/working-against-child-trafficking diakses pada 25 Oktober 2017.
HM Government. 2007. Safeguarding children who may been trafficked. https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_dat a/file/ 177033/DFE-00084-2011.pdf diakses 16 Oktober 2017.
Home Office, CEOP. 2007. A Scoping Project on Child Trafficking in the UK. http://lastradainternational.org/lsidocs/388%20Child%20Trafficking%20report%20UK.pdf diakses 8 Desember 2017.
National Crime Agency, 2014, Human Trafficking : National Referral Mechanism Statistics, http://www.nationalcrimeagency.gov.uk/publications/national-referral-mechanism- statistics/2014- nrm-statistics/558-human-trafficking-national-referral-mechanism- statistics-october-to-december- 2014/file diakses 12 November 2017.
U.S. Department of State. 2009. Trafficking in Person Report. http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/123357.pdf diakses 15 Oktober 2017.
U.S. State Dept. Trafficking in Person Report. 2009. Human Trafficking and Modern day Slavery. http://gvnet.com/humantrafficking/UK-2.htm diakses 15 Oktober 2017.
Anti Slavery International. (2014). “Lack of protection for trafficking victims with children in the UK.†https://www.antislavery.org/lack-protection- trafficiking- victims- children-uk/ diakses 20 Desember 2017.
Anti Slavery International. (2016) “10 things you didn’t know about slavery in UK.†https://www.antislavery.org/10things/ dikases 20 Desember 2017.
CRIN. (2011). “UK: Vietnames children trafficked to work in uk cannabis trade as prosecuted as criminals.†https://www.crin.org/en/library/news-archive/uk- vietnamese-children- trafficked-work-uk-cannabis-trade-are-prosecuted diakses 20 Desember 2017.
Cameron, David. (2015, 3 Maret). Pidato Perdana Menteri Inggris untuk mengumumkan langkah baru untuk mengatasi eskploitasi anak di Downing Street. https://www. gov .uk/government/news/pm-unveils-tough-new-measures-to tackle-child-sexual- exploitation diakses 5 Desember 2017.
BBC News. (2016, 15 November). “Child trafficking: Scores missing from UK care homes.†http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-37982221 diakses 20 Desember 2017.
Express. (2014, 11 Januari). “Child trafficking victims failed by the UK Government. experts claim.†https://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/453314/Child- trafficking-victims- failed-by-the-UK-Government-experts-claim diakses 20 Desember 2017.
Ibtimes.co.uk. (2015, 27 July). “UK human trafficking cases on the rise despite government’s Modern Slavery Actâ€. http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/uk-human- trafficking-cases-rise- despite-governments-modern-slavery-act-1512840 diakses 15 Oktober 2017.
The Guardian. (2013, 29 April). “Police ‘should focus more on preventing crime than catching criminals’.†https://www.theguardian.com/ uk/2013/apr/29/police- focus-crime- catching-criminals diakses 25 Desember 2017.
The Guardians. (2013, 31 Oktober). “Trafficking victims too often treated as immigration cases, say campaigners.†https://www.theguardian.com/ law/2013/oct/31/trafficking- victims-immigration-campaigners diakses 20 Desember 2017.
The Guardian. (2016, 10 Juli). “Modern slavery and human trafficking on the rise in UK.†https://www.theguardian.com/law/2016/jul/10/modern-slavery-on-rise-in-uk diakses 25 Desember 2017.
The Guardian. (2016, 21 Desember). “UK immigration bill will play into hands of traffickers, anti-slavery experts warn.†https://www.theguardian.com/ globaldevelopment
/2015/dec/21/uk- immigration-bill-trafficking-anti- slavery- experts-modern- slavery-act-2015 diakses 24 Desember 2017.
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Published
2018-02-28
How to Cite
Hofman, S., & Elistania, E. (2018). Peningkatan Angka Perdagangan Anak di Tengah Upaya Pemerintah Inggris dalam Mengatasi Kasus Perdagangan Anak Tahun 2014 – 2016. Balcony, 2(1), 31–42. Retrieved from https://jom.fisip.budiluhur.ac.id/index.php/balcony/article/view/41
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