Implementasi Kebijakan Italia dalam Menanggulangi Krisis Imigran Ilegal Yang Melewati Laut Mediterania Tengah Pada Periode 2016 – 2018
Keywords:
foreign policy, illegal immigrant, Central Mediterranean Sea, ItalyAbstract
This study aims to analyze the policies established by Italy in tackling the crisis of illegal immigrants from the Mediterranean Sea lane that occurred in their country. The use of the Central Mediterranean Sea as an immigration route troubled the Italian government, because since the immigrant crisis occurred every year thousands of immigrants were swept away while trying to cross the Central Mediterranean Sea lane. Besides that these illegal immigrants are also considered to worsen economic and political conditions in Italy. This research is a qualitative research that uses International Immigrants Concepts and Maritime Security Concept to help analyze the research. The research show that the policies created by Italy in overcoming the crisis of illegal immigrants are the establishment of a Memorandum of Understanding with the Libyan government regarding Central Mediterranean Sea border guarding cooperation.
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EU Naval Force Med Media and Public Information Office. 2016. European Union Naval Force – Mediterranean Operation Sophia. https://eeas.europa.eu/sites/eeas/files/february_2017_-_factsheet_on_eunavfor_med_mission_en_0.pdf diakses 1 April 2019.
Eunavfor Med. 2016. EUNAVFOR MED: Operation Sophia flagship ITS GARIBALDI rescued over one thousand migrants. https://www.operationsophia.eu/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/EUNAVFOR-MED-operation-SOPHIA-flagship-ITS-GARIBALDI-rescued-over-one-thousand-migrants-1.pdf diakses pada 9 Mei 2019.
Eunavfor Med. 2019. Eunavfor Med: Missions. https://www.operationsophia.eu/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/PRESS-KIT.pdf diakses pada 9 Mei 2019
Eunavfor Med. (2015). Operation Sophia: Mission. https://www.operationsophia.eu/about-us/#mission diakses pada 9 Mei 2019.
European Commission. 2014. Frontex Joint Operation 'Triton' – Concerted Efforts for managing migrator flows in the Central Mediterranean. http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_MEMO-14-609_en.htm diakses pada 9 Mei 2019.
European Council. (2017). Malta Declaration by the members of the European Council on the external aspects of migration: addressing the Central Mediterranean route, https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2017/02/03/malta-declaration/ diakses pada 19 Juni 2019.
European Parlement. 30 Juni 2017. EU Migrant Crisis: Facts and Figures. http://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/headlines/society/20170629STO78630/ eu-migrant-crisis-facts-and-figures diakses pada 1 Mei 2019.
European Union Committee House of Lords. Operation Sophia: A Failed Mission. https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld201719/ldselect/ldeucom/5/5.pdf diakses pada 9 Mei 2019.
Heckmann, Friedrich. (2004). Illegal Migration: What Can We Know and What Can We Explain? The Case of Germany, International Migration Vol. 38, No. 3, Conceptual and Methodological Developments and the Study of International Migration.
International Organization for Migration. 2018. IOM Italy: Mediterranean Migrant Arrivals.
Italy dan Libya. (2017). Memorandum of Understanding on cooperation in the fields of development, the fight against illegal immigration, human trafficking and fuel smuggling and on reinforcing the security of borders between the State of Libya and the Italian Republic.
Kirwin, Matthew. & Anderson. (2018). ―Who Wants to Migrate in Africa, and Why? Identifyng the Factors Driving West African Migration.‖ Organisation for Economic Cooperationand Development.
Klein, Natalie. (2011). Maritime Security and the Law of the Sea. Oxford: Oxford University Press Inc.
Liga, Aldo. (2018). ―Playing With Molecule‖ : Italian Approach to Libya. IFRI, Turkey/Middle East Program.
Palm, Anja. (2017). ―The Italy-Libya Memorandum of Understanding: The baseline of a policy approach aimed at closing all doors to Europe?.‖ EU Immigration and Asylum Law Policy. https://eumigrationlawblog.eu/the-italy-libya-memorandum-of-understanding-the-baseline-of-a-policy-approach-aimed-at-closing-all-doors-to-europe/ diakses pada 19 Juni 2019.
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Published
2019-09-20
How to Cite
Nugroho, M. D., & Elistania, E. (2019). Implementasi Kebijakan Italia dalam Menanggulangi Krisis Imigran Ilegal Yang Melewati Laut Mediterania Tengah Pada Periode 2016 – 2018. Balcony, 3(2), 115–125. Retrieved from https://jom.fisip.budiluhur.ac.id/index.php/balcony/article/view/206
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